Archive for March 11th, 2010
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Thursday, March 11th, 2010Dr. Greenthumb
Thursday, March 11th, 2010Alcohol & Genes
Thursday, March 11th, 2010
TUESDAY, March 2 (HealthDay News) — There may be an association between alcoholism and a cluster of genes on chromosome 11, according to researchers who analyzed the genomes of nearly 1,900 white and black Americans.
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to alcoholism. So far, researchers have identified several genes associated with the disorder.
“Previous studies have looked at one or a few genes at a time, choosing the genes based upon hypotheses about possible mechanisms underlying differences in risk for alcoholism,” study corresponding author Howard J. Edenberg, from Indiana University School of Medicine, said in a news release. “We chose to examine the entire genome, all the genes at once, as an unbiased approach that has the potential of uncovering previously unsuspected genes.”
The study findings will be published in the May print issue of the journal Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.
“Although we did not find definitive evidence for the role of any one gene, we found suggestive evidence that a gene or genes in one region of chromosome 11 might be involved,” Edenberg said.
“We also provided support for several genes that had been found by others. Identifying additional genes that might be related to the risk for alcoholism is an important starting point. Future studies will need to confirm their importance in other populations, to determine which aspect of the disease process they might impact, and to examine the mechanisms through which they work.”
Edenberg said this study is one stage in a large ongoing research effort.
“We will be working with other groups to replicate our findings and test their findings,” he added. “We will be examining the aspects of alcoholism risk that are related to variations in each gene we identify, and starting functional studies of how the genetic variations affect cells and tissues. We have also embarked on a large and prospective study of adolescents and young adults, to examine the effects of genetic variations on the development of alcoholism and related disorders.”
“Songs of Freedom” – Frankie Paul (hard version)
Thursday, March 11th, 2010Calif. NORML
Thursday, March 11th, 2010LED fog vs Aero “P”
Thursday, March 11th, 2010Addiction
Thursday, March 11th, 2010
Marijuana, Alcohol Addiction May Share Genes
But that doesn’t predestine anyone to abuse either, researchers say
HealthDay
Friday, December 18, 2009
HealthDay news imageFRIDAY, Dec. 18 (HealthDay News) — The genes that make people susceptible to alcoholism also make them prone to becoming addicted to marijuana, a new study suggests.
Researchers interviewed almost 6,300 men and women aged 24 to 36, including almost 2,800 sets of twins who were part of the Australian Twin Registry, about their use of alcohol and marijuana over their lifetime.
Twins are valuable to researchers in determining the role of genetics in various diseases or conditions because identical twins share 100 percent of their genes, while fraternal twins share 50 percent of their genes, the same as other siblings.
About 60 percent of the likelihood of becoming a heavy drinker, a frequent marijuana user or of becoming dependent on marijuana can be attributed to genes, according to the study, while about half of the likelihood of being an alcoholic can be traced to genetics.
“We know there is a high likelihood of alcohol addiction-related problems among people who smoke marijuana heavily and vice versa,” said study author Carolyn E. Sartor, a research instructor at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “What we found is that some of the same genetic influences that impact alcohol use and dependent symptoms also impact marijuana use and dependent symptoms.”
Still, that means between 40 percent and 50 percent of the cause of alcohol or marijuana dependence may be due to environmental influences. Despite a genetic tendency, no one is predestined to abuse either substance, Sartor noted.
And even though a common set of genes appear to influence marijuana and alcohol addiction, there are also likely specific genes that influence addiction susceptibility to individual substances, Sartor added.
The study will be published in the upcoming March issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.
Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug, according to the study, citing a 2008 survey that found about 42 percent of high school seniors reported having tried marijuana. About 5 percent said they had used it daily during the previous month.
Though generally believed to be less addictive than nicotine in tobacco products, about 12 percent of marijuana users meet the criteria for dependency, according to the study. Symptoms of marijuana or alcohol dependency include using more heavily or more frequently than intended, giving up important activities to smoke or drink and building a tolerance or needing to use more to get the same effect.
Marijuana’s active ingredient, THC, acts on the brain’s cannabinoid system, which is involved in learning, memory, appetite and pain perception, explained Dr. Christian Hopfer, an associate professor at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Medical uses for marijuana including alleviating pain and boosting appetite in people with cancer and other serious illnesses.
But marijuana has its downsides. Other research has shown marijuana use increases the risk of developing mental illnesses, Hopfer added.
Far less research has been done about marijuana than on tobacco or alcohol products, Hopfer said. That needs to change. Not only is marijuana use widespread, but THC levels in pot have increased in recent years, making the drug’s effects more potent.
“We are quasi-legalizing it due to medical marijuana, yet we really don’t know that much about it except a lot of people are self-administering it,” Hopfer said. “Marijuana addiction is a subtler addition than with some other drugs, but it can be a big focus of their life and interfere with their functioning.”
In the past, researchers have often studied the addictive properties of drugs such as tobacco, cocaine, marijuana, heroin and alcohol separately, Hopfer said. But studies such as this suggest there can be similar genes underlying a propensity toward many types of substance abuse.
“There is a lot of evidence that if you have trouble with one substance you will have trouble with others,” Hopfer said. “Twin data shows that the genetic effects may be across substances.”
While there are legal drugs available to help treat nicotine and alcohol addiction, there are no drugs to treat marijuana addiction. For marijuana dependency, behavioral modification, family therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and 12-step programs are among the programs that may help, Hopfer said.
SOURCES: Carolyn Sartor, Ph.D., research instructor, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis; Christian Hopfer, M.D., associate professor, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; March 2010 Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research
HealthDay

Alborosie & Ky-Mani Marley
Thursday, March 11th, 2010Are You An Addict?
Thursday, March 11th, 2010Am I an Addict? The Symptoms of Addictive Behaviour
Author: Alter Sage
Drug use is a very common reality in all cultures worldwide. Rave parties, dinner parties, birthdays, New Year, office parties: often we celebrate these occasions with social drug use and alcohol abuse. Many people use drugs such as cocaine and marijuana without considering that they could become addicted.
It is true that not everyone who uses drugs is an addict or will progress to horrendous levels of dependence on narcotics. Popular belief has labelled an addict as a heroin or crack addicted junkie, lying in a bare room with a needle stuck in their arm, stealing car radios to fund their habit. However, drug counsellors and other professionals now view drug addiction in a different way.
Drug addiction is driven by a disease, which is possibly genetic. The disease is incurable, progressive and fatal if not arrested. Nor does it distinguish between class, race, gender or sexuality. The disease does not distinguish between drug types either. For example, alcohol is consumed in vast qualities and could be classed as a drug as it has mind altering effects, is physically addictive and is extremely harmful to one’s body and can cause death. Yet many people, who view alcohol as socially acceptable and see nothing wrong with abusing it every weekend, frown on those who use cocaine or LSD on weekends.
How do drug users discover if they have the disease of addiction?
Not every person who uses drugs is necessarily an addict. Ultimately, drug addiction is not only about the drug use; it is a symptom of something very wrong inside a person. However, when addicts seek treatment the symptoms bring them to a rock bottom and help to distinguish whether or not they have the disease of addiction. The symptoms include behavioural traits in connection with drugs as well as actual drug consumption.
Am I an addict?
The following questions can be answered as a self-evaluation concerning addiction:
- Do you use drugs alone?
- Do you lie about your drug use, i.e. how much, how often?
- Do you think about drugs/getting high a lot?
- Do you frequently use more than you intend to?
- Do you put drugs ahead of your financial responsibilities?
- Have you missed work or school because of your drug use?
- Do you use drugs after you wake up or before you go to bed?
- Have you ever been arrested or had other legal trouble because of your drug use?
- Do you fear the moment when your drugs run out?
- Have you ever tried to stop your using?
- Is your using causing problems at home?
- Do you feel that one particular drug is a problem and that others are ok to use?
- Has your tolerance increased, also increasing your consumption?
- Do you avoid social engagements and activities where you cannot use drugs?
- Have you begun to avoid your family and friends who do not use drugs?
- Have you stolen to finance drugs?
- Have you stolen drugs?
- Have you taken drugs which you know you do not like, but take them anyway?
- Is your drug use affecting your relationships with family and friends?
- Do you feel ashamed about your drug use?
- Do you feel that you can’t have fun without drugs?
- Has your drug use affected your sleeping patterns or weight?
- Have you experienced negative consequences because of your drug use, yet still carried on using?
- Have you ever overdosed on drugs?
- Do you use one type of drug to combat the effect of another?
- Do you take drugs when you feel emotional pain or distress?
- Have drugs affected your sex life or sexual relationship?
- Have you even been in a rehabilitation centre or hospital because of your drug use?
- Do you feel like you cannot live without using drugs?
- Have you tried to stop using drugs and found you could not?
If you have answered yes to any of the above then you may have an addiction problem.
Each individual can only say whether they are an addict or not. These questions are a way to help those confused about whether they have a drug problem or not – to discover whether they have the disease of addiction.
Addiction is fatal if not arrested. When a person suffers from the disease of addiction, the condition will worsen progressively. In-patient treatment is a helpful option for those who feel that they have an addiction problem and are an addict. Contrary to popular belief, an addict is not necessarily the stereotypical junkie. Chronic weed smokers, cocaine bingers or pharmaceutical drug abusers all have the possibility of having the disease.
Getting help if you have a drug problem
Those who have reached a rock bottom state in their lives due to drugs, who have come to the realization that their drug use is out of control and who cannot stop using no matter what the consequences, are in need of help. Addiction counselling centres are a successful aid to arresting a person’s drug use and teaching them the skills they require to remain abstinent once they have left the centre.
The most successful addiction counselling centres offer individual and group therapy, a 12 Step Programme and endorse a healthy lifestyle. Extended treatment is also considered to have a much higher success rate than the standard 28-day programme. Three months as an in-patient at a facility which offers a Primary Care programme (known as “Extended Primary”), gives addicts a longer period with which to grow accustomed to life without drugs, to learn skills necessary to cope with life and deal with pertinent psychological issues through therapy.
Am I an Addict? The Symptoms of Addictive Behaviour
Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/addictions-articles/am-i-an-addict-the-symptoms-of-addictive-behaviour-981486.html
About the Author
Oasis Counselling Centre is a rehabilitation centre offering addiction counselling retreats in South Africa for those who feel they have an addiction problem.
Pot Addiction
Thursday, March 11th, 2010How to Stop Smoking Marijuana – Understanding Your Addiction
Author: Michael Porteous
A common misconception about marijuana addiction is that like cigarettes and some hard drugs in that the body develops an addiction to a chemical and if deprived of it brings on serious physical cravings that can near incapacitate some people. This is however totally incorrect and is one of the main reasons people misunderstand the addiction and fail when trying to quit? So what is the secret on How to stop smoking marijuana? Why am I addicted to a non addictive substance? The answer is psychological.
Since your body has no desperate need for pot the addiction this creates is mental or psychological. Psychological addiction stems from a person’s addiction to the high that an action creates; gambling addiction is the same when people are addicted to winning and even shopping can be a psychological addiction when people get addicted to finding bargains and buying nice things even if they will never use them. In the end they are all similar in that this high becomes something a person wants so much they believe it is a need and will continue to smoke pot because they think they cannot do without it and continue chasing the high.
However to combat this we need to go even deeper and look at why that initial addiction to that high began. What drove you to start smoking and what drove you to continue smoking. Some people simply fell into it because their friends all smoked, others use pot as a was to escape stress or to escape from abuse and others still smoke marijuana because they lack direction in their lives and it feels like an easy way to waste time which they find they cannot escape from. There are as many reasons for addiction as there are addictions meaning everyone is different but the common link is everyone one needs to understand their addiction and the cause before they can really learn to quit forever.
If you can find these reasons then you can start taking action to stop smoking marijuana. Some methods include meditation, finding rewarding hobbies, exercise, finding different social groups and so on. These solutions often have to be hand tailored by the addict so they can fill that time they spent smoking with other activities that are healthy and bring a sense or reward without being high. Though some have to be careful they do not simply pick up a replacement addiction which can be just as bad.
So how to stop smoking marijuana is actually how to understand all aspects of your addiction and then finding the willpower and help you need to fill your life with healthier and better things. good luck!
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Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/quit-smoking-articles/how-to-stop-smoking-marijuana-understanding-your-addiction-316441.html
About the Author
Article originally posted at EzineArticles:
http://ezinearticles.com/?How-To-Stop-Smoking-Marijuana—Understanding-Your-Addiction&id=932494











